Nonstructure 1000, extramural surface

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Features

Posthole (Feature 1) Top of page
General description
Circular organic stain.
Use history
Post support for "ramada"?
Associated features
Possibly other postholes (Features 3 and 4).
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
Northeast portion of study unit.
Vertical location
Surface 2.
Construction
Not recorded.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Yes. Post remnant was charred.
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Not Recorded
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Unknown (not recorded), though remnants of post were found.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  round.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
13
Yes
Width
13
Yes
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
No
Not recorded.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place disintegration of post.
Wood.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Firepit (Feature 2) Top of page
General description
Shallow firepit against wall.
Use history
Informal pit built to contain fire(s), possibly for heat, light, and/or cooking. The presence of an intrusive posthole (Feature 3) indicates that the firepit at some point ceased to be used as a firepit.
Associated features
Possibly other postholes (Features 1 and 4).
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
Along north wall of courtyard (exterior of south wall of Structure 1003).
Vertical location
Surface 2.
Construction
Not recorded.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Not Recorded
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Not recorded.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Plan: D-shaped.
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
66
Yes
Width
34
Yes
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
10
Yes
Calculated from depth measurements.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place burning, primary refuse.
Charcoal, rocks.
Cut by intrusive Feature 3, posthole.
Gray and white.
Ash (and possibly silt; field notes unclear).
Posthole (Feature 3) Top of page
General description
Circular organic stain.
Use history
Post support. Intrusive to, and therefore postdates, the firepit (Feature 2). The posthole is believed to have been in use at abandonment.
Associated features
Possibly other postholes (Features 1 and 4).
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
In firepit (Feature 2).
Vertical location
Surface 2.
Construction
Not recorded.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Not Recorded
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Not recorded.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  round.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
15
Yes
Width
15
Yes
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
No
Not recorded.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place disintegration of post (organic staining).
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Posthole (Feature 4) Top of page
General description
Dark circular stain.
Use history
Post support. In use at abandonment.
Associated features
Possibly other postholes (Features 1 and 3).
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
North-central portion of study unit.
Vertical location
Surface 2.
Construction
Not recorded.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Not Recorded
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Not recorded.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  round.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
16
Yes
Width
16
Yes
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
No
Not recorded.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place disintegration of post (organic staining).
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Dark brown.
"Fine."
Firepit (Feature 5) Top of page
General description
Shallow firepit.
Use history
Informal pit built to contain fire(s), possibly for heat, light, and/or cooking.
Associated features
None.
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
Near west wall, approximately midway along wall.
Vertical location
Field documentation unclear: Probably originated on Surface 2, but was actually recognized in construction fill below the surface.
Construction
Excavated into construction fill.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Unknown
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Not recorded.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  basin-shaped.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Plan: more-or-less circular, except for "bulge" on east end.
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
46
Yes
East-west.
Width
42
Yes
North-south.
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
6
No
Actual measurement = 6.5 cm. The top of the feature may have been excavated before the feature was recognized.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place burning, primary refuse.
None.
Not recorded.
White, light gray.
Ash.
Burned spot, surface feature (Feature 6) Top of page
General description
Shallow burned area.
Use history
Expedient feature created by the burning of a small fire on the surface.
Associated features
None.
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database. Segment 1 is the designation applied to the approximate southern half of the feature. The northern half was inadvertently removed as part of an excavation trench and was not provenienced with the feature. Also, the southeast quadrant was "ephemeral" and only partly excavated.
Portion excavated
See discussion of excavation procedure.
Horizontal location
Northwest portion of study unit.
Vertical location
Field documentation unclear: Probably originated on Surface 2, but was actually recognized in construction fill below the surface.
Construction
Nor formally constructed. Expedient feature created by the burning of a fire on the surface.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
No
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Not recorded.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  irregular.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  irregular.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
77
Width
30
No
38
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
5
Yes
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
In-place burning, primary refuse.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Doorway (Feature 7) Top of page
General description
Floor-level doorway.
Use history
Provided access between Structure 1005 and the courtyard (Nonstructure 1000).
Associated features
Same doorway as Structure 1005, Feature 3.
Excavation procedure
Exposed, not excavated.
Portion excavated
None.
Horizontal location
East end of north wall of Structure 1005 (separates Structure 1005 and the courtyard [Nonstructure 1000]).
Vertical location
Surface 1.
Construction
The sides of the doorway are masonry, constructed of unpecked sandstone blocks. The base is a continuation of the compacted floor surface.
Remodeling/ modification
Yes. Documentation unclear: The doorway is described in the field notes as having been plugged with sandstone blocks set in mortar, but Database Photo 3620 shows it as unplugged.
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Yes. Documentation unclear: The doorway is described in the field notes as having been plugged with sandstone blocks set in mortar, but Database Photo 3620 shows it as unplugged.
Preservation
Poor.
Degree of preservation
Upper portion missing.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  rectangular.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
Not applicable.
Width
No
See Database Map 4122.
Height
28
No
Depth
No
See Database Map 4122.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
Field documentation unclear.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Doorway (Feature 8) Top of page
General description
Raised-sill doorway.
Use history
Provided access between Structure 1002 and the courtyard (Nonstructure1000).
Associated features
Same doorway as Structure 1002, Feature 5.
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
In wall separating Structure 1002 and the courtyard (Nonstructure 1000).
Vertical location
Base approximately 44 cm above Surface 1. Unclear in field notes whether the base is the actual or inferred sill (there is no sill stone).
Construction
The sides of the doorway are masonry, with pecked cornerstones. The lintel is missing. There is no sill stone, but it's unclear whether that is because the sill stone is missing or because a formal sill stone never existed.
Remodeling/ modification
Unknown
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Yes. Inference based on completeness of collapse (a plugged doorway probably would have preserved better).
Preservation
Poor.
Degree of preservation
Mostly collapsed into Structure 1002.
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  rectangular.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
Not applicable.
Width
No
See Database Map 4122.
Height
21
No
Depth
No
See Database Map 4122.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
Postabandonment, structure collapse: wall fall.
Sandstone blocks.
Not recorded.
Tan brown.
Silt.
Architectural petroglyph/pictograph (Feature 9) Top of page
General description
Ground and/or pecked marks and clusters of marks on five building stones in the north wall of Nonstructure 1000 (exterior of south wall of Structure 1003).
Use history
Function unknown---possibly symbolic. Produced when the wall was constructed. In at least some cases, the stones were grooved before they were set in the wall.
Associated features
None.
Excavation procedure
Exposed, not excavated.
Portion excavated
None.
Horizontal location
On north wall of Nonstructure 1000 (exterior of south wall of Structure 1003).
Vertical location
50 to 114 cm above the base of the wall.
Construction
Consists of five sandstone blocks with grooves and, in three cases, peck marks as well. At least some stones were set in the wall after the grooves were produced. Another grooved stone was found in wall fall.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
No
Preservation
Excellent.
Degree of preservation
Shape in plan view
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Plan: not applicable. Cross section: Not applicable.
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
130
Yes
Measurement is the length of the area (horizontal) that encompasses the five blocks with ground and/or pecked marks. See Database Map 4122.
Width
64
Yes
Measurement is the width of the area (vertical) that encompasses the five blocks with ground and/or pecked marks. See Database Map 4122.
Height
No
Not applicable.
Depth
No
Not recorded, but at least one mark is up to 1 cm deep.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
Doorway (Feature 10) Top of page
General description
Irregular, "raised-sill doorway" (actually a large hole punched through wall).
Use history
Provided access between the courtyard (Nonstructure 1000) and the ground story of the tower (Structure 1008).
Associated features
Same doorway as Structure 1008, Feature 7.
Excavation procedure
Exposed, not excavated (excavation would have caused structural instability).
Portion excavated
Completely exposed, none excavated.
Horizontal location
In the wall separating Structure 1008 and the courtyard (Nonstructure 1000).
Vertical location
"Sill" is approximately 28 cm above Surface 1.
Construction
Hole "punched" through existing masonry site-enclosing wall; not prepared or "constructed" in any other way.
Remodeling/ modification
No
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
No
Preservation
Degree of preservation
Unknown (it is not known what the door, as originally punched through the wall, looked like, so it is difficult to assess the degreee to which it may have deteriorated).
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  rectangular.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
Not applicable.
Width
No
See Database Map 4122.
Height
105
Yes
Depth
No
See Database Map 4122.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
Postabandonment, structure collapse (from description of fill as observed from Structure 1008, Feature 7).
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Loophole (Feature 11) Top of page
General description
Small, angled hole through wall.
Use history
Function unknown: peephole? Built with the site-enclosing wall before the construction of the tower (Structure 1008) and courtyard (Nonstructure 1000) (the wall into which the loophole was built was constructed before the other walls in the suite, so the inference is that the features in the wall predate the other constructions as well).
Associated features
Possibly other loopholes (Structure 1002, Feature 6, and Nonstructure 1000, Feature 12). Same loophole as Structure 1008, Feature 6.
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
In the wall separating Structure 1008 and the courtyard (Nonstructure 1000).
Vertical location
106 cm above the base of the wall.
Construction
Hole built into and through the site-enclosing wall. The sill is a tabular stone; the top is a stone block. The loophole is aligned 30 degrees east of magnetic north.
Remodeling/ modification
Not Recorded
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
No
Preservation
Excellent.
Degree of preservation
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Plan: trapezoidal.
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
Not applicable.
Width
No
See Database Map 4122.
Height
13
Yes
Depth
No
See Database Map 4122.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
Postabandonment, natural, washed-in deposit.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Brown orange.
Silty sand.
Loophole (Feature 12) Top of page
General description
Originally was a hole that extended, at an angle, through the site-enclosing wall. Later, the south end was probably blocked by the construction of the south wall of Structure 1002.
Use history
Built with the site-enclosing wall before Structures 1002 and 1008 were built and possibly before there was ever a courtyard (Nonstructure 1000). Function unknown: originally may have served as a peephole? The south end was probably eventually sealed by the construction of the Structure 1002 wall, but the north end remained open.
Associated features
Same loophole as Structure 1008 (Feature 5). Possibly associated with other loopholes (Structure 1002, Feature 6, and Nonstructure 1000, Feature 11).
Excavation procedure
Recorded in provenience data, which are available through the "Field Data: Provenience Data" query in the multisite research database.
Portion excavated
All.
Horizontal location
In the site-enclosing wall, at the northeast end of Nonstructure 1000, where the south wall of Structure 1002 probably intersected the site-enclosing wall.
Vertical location
Approximately 151 cm above the floor (Surface 1) of Structure 1002; approximately 100 cm above Surface 1 of Nonstructure 1000.
Construction
Hole built into and through the site-enclosing wall. The construction details of the side walls were not recorded. The lintel is a stone block; there is no formal sill. According to the field notes, the loophole is aligned approximately 14-15 degrees east of magnetic north, as measured with a Brunton compass in the field. The map, however, shows a much greater angle. Could not resolve the discrepancy.
Remodeling/ modification
No
Thermal alteration
Not Recorded
Sooting
Not Recorded
Sealed
Yes. Opening at the south end was probably covered by the construction of the south wall of Structure 1002.
Preservation
Excellent.
Degree of preservation
Shape in plan view
Actual:  unknown.
Inferred: 
Shape in cross section
Actual:  other.
Inferred: 
Shape comments
Plan: trapezoidal.
Dimensions
 
Actual
Complete?
Inferred
Comments
Length
No
Not applicable.
Width
No
See Database Map 4122.
Height
13
Yes
Depth
No
See Database Map 4122.
Stratigraphy
Stratum
Interpretation
Inclusions
Disturbance
Color
Texture
1
Postabandonment, natural washed-in deposit.
Not recorded.
Not recorded.
Brown orange.
Silt/sand, laminated.